Review of Jasper Krommendijk's monograph, National Courts and Preliminary References to the Court of Justice, dealing with the relationship between selected national courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union in preliminary ruling proceedings under Article 267 TFEU. This is based on an analysis of interviews with a representative sample of judges from the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and is focused on the motivation of national judges to refer preliminary questions and the factors that influence them.