Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma is the most common histological type of bladder cancer. Until now, chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease has been the standard in clinical practice.
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is one of the tumors that can be treated with immunotherapy. Antibodies against immune response checkpoints have shown the greatest benefit.
In palliative care, these products can be indicated both in patients after previous administration of platinum-based chemotherapy and in the first line in patients unable to undergo platinum-based chemotherapy. A more recent approach is the concept of maintenance immunotherapy after previous administration of platinum-based chemotherapy.
Clinical studies are also underway to evaluate immunotherapy in other indications, such as neoadjuvant therapy or in combination with chemotherapy. The problem is the ambiguity of the predictive factors of immunotherapy.