Abstract
The chapter is focused on the description of the reactions of the human body to physical stress and on the adaptation processes that take place in the body in connection with sports training. The basics of the physiology of the training process, the issue of energy metabolism during exercise, changes in circulatory and respiratory functions and the application of regulatory mechanisms during exercise are presented.
The physiological basis of training state and sports form and the basic principles of physiological testing in athletes are also described.