The contribution introduced recent activities of Czech-Uzbek archaeological expedition in the Middle Surkhan Darya Basin (southern Uzbekistan). Besides the aims and the methodological framework of the project, the paper aimed to describe the site of Bay Tepa IV occupied with certainty between the Iron Age and the Antiquity.
Special emphasis was laid on the unique assemblage of terracotta sculptures discovered on the site during the surface survey and on the evaluation of the site's significance and its potential for the future research.