Abstract
Pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection will be limited by the combination of both antiepidemic measures and active immunisation. The rapid development of vaccines with approved efficacy to prevent the spread of infection and protect against development into the most severe form of COVID-19 diesase is based on detailed understanding of immunopathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Natural infection induces in host the complex protective inflammatory response. The key role is given to the rapid and effective production of interferons.
Interferons together with next lines of immune response (T and B cell immunity) are responsible for elimination of viral infection and the development of specific immune memory and trained innate immunity. Those people with inability to mount effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 can switch from protective to harm form of inflammation.
This is characterized by so called "cytokines storm", abnormal cell deaths, increased vascular permeability and prothrombotic microenvironment with the risk of death. Vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines containing genetic information coding for part of S glycoprotein are approved for administration with very good safety profile and good protective capacity both to prevent transmission of infection and prevent the development into the most severe forms of COVID-19 diseases.