Abstract
Microscopic hematuria is a relatively common diagnosis in the pediatric nephrologist's office and it is often first detect-ed by a general pediatrician. The etiology of microscopic hematuria is usually benign, but more severe conditions need to be ruled out, such as glomerulonephritis or systemic disease, these are commonly characterized by the presence of proteinuria, hypertension or deterioration of renal function.
In this article, we present basic differential diagnosis with a brief description of the causes of microscopic hematuria and complementary tests. This review aims to provide a short guidance for general pediatricians and medical specialists.