Abstrakt
Yang-Mills gauge theories, more specifically QCD, exhibit complex phenomena not found in the baseline QED, notably the existence of countable energetically equivalent but distinct vacui.
Permitting classical field solutions of pure gauge on the initial and final time slices, yet nontrivial in the bulk between; such solutions modify the path integral - instanton process - something that can potentially be observed at LHC, proofing and deepening our theoretical understanding of the field theory.