Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with high risk of thrombosis development and pulmonary embolism (PE), that increases already significant mortality and morbidity in these patients. There are likely multiple mechanisms participating on the procoagulant status induced by the virus including dysregulation, excessive activation and dysfunction of coagulation cascade, fibrinolytic system, thrombocytes, endothelial cells and also dysregulation and excessive activation of some components of immune system which can affect hemostasis.
This results in a coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 that is based on immuno- thrombotic factors. The review article also discusses diagnostic options for PE including D-dimers, CT pulmonary angiography and methods of nuclear medicine.