Abstract
Introduction: Bladder injury is an uncommon presentation encountered by urologists in clinical practice. Injury can be traumatic or iatrogenic, or more rarely spontaneous rupture. The aim of our work is to evaluate the causes, diagnostics and method of treatment in one institution.
Material and methods: A group of patients was retrospectively evaluated in the period from January 2012 to May 2021. A total of 52 patients, 23 women (44%) and 29 men (56%) were treated. The mean age was 53.1 years (range 15-91, median 53,5).
Results: In 20 cases (38%) the cause of the injury was iatrogenic, in 17 cases (33%) a traffic accident, in 15 cases (29%) falls from above or falls at home. The injury was diagnosed by CT scan in 40 patients (77%), perioperatively in 11 (21%) and only one patient underwent X-ray cystography. Bladder rupture occurred in 43 (83%) cases (extraperitoneal 29 (67%), intraperitoneal 14 (33%)), 9 patients (17%) suffered from bladder contusion. A total of 43 cases (83%) underwent surgical repair (one without the need for suturing), of which in 3 cases the repair was performed using a laparoscopic and once a robotic approach.
Conclusion: In our group, in agreement with the professional literature, the most common was extraperitoneal rupture of the bladder (67%). CT examination was used to diagnose 77% of injuries, proving the decline of classic X-ray cystography and the preference for CT examination, which enables a comprehensive evaluation of the extent of the injury in relation to the surrounding organs. In selected cases (in our group in 4 cases, 4.8%), it is possible to successfully treat bladder injuries with a minimally invasive approach without the need for laparotomy.