Self-reported narcissistic traits in patients with addiction through the lens of the ICD-11 model for personality disorders
Abstract
Background: There is a presumption that pathological narcissism, or narcissistic personality disorder per se, can be considered a precursor to addiction. Although the ICD-11 model does not distinguish specific personality disorders, narcissistic psychopathology should be captured through personality trait qualifiers.
Objectives: To verify the capacity of the ICD-11 model in the detection of narcissistic psychopathology in patients with addiction; to test its discrimination capacity, convergent validity, and specificity toward the gender and the type of addiction. Materials and methods: Two samples were employed in the study.
Sample 1 (n = 421) consisted of patients with addiction; Sample 2 (n = 567) consisted of general population volunteers. Age range was 18-75 years and a battery of self-assessment questionnaires containing Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form Plus Modified; Triarchic Psychopathy Measure; Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale; and Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report was administered by pencil-and-paper method.
Results: The following was confirmed: (1) capacity of the ICD-11 model in relation to capture narcissistic pathology; (2) the differentiation capacity between the clinical and non-clinical population; (3) gender specificity in relation to grandiose and vulnerable narcissism; (4) the connection between the overall degree of impairment in personality functioning and most of trait qualifiers; (5) certain specifics of patients with addiction in relation to the type of addiction. Conclusion: Results support the empirical and clinical relevance of the ICD-11 model in capturing narcissistic pathology in addicted patients.
Clinical implications concerning assessment and treatment in addiction settings, and certain limits regarding the Anankastia domain are discussed.