In pre-hospital emergency care (PHC), we see patients with signs of shock on a daily basis. One of the earliest interventions in these patients is the administration of fluids, but this has its risks to consider.
To discern whether a patient will benefit from fluid administration, fluid responsiveness assessment can help us to decide. Given the limited diagnostic options in the PNP, in this article we address the question of whether it is even feasible to assess FR in the PNP and, if so, by what methods.