Enhanced vitamin K expenditure as a major contributor to vitamin K deficiency in COVID-19

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Vitamin K deficiency consistently associates with worse clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. However, whether this is due to increased expenditure during inflammation or poor vitamin K status prior to infection remained unknown.

METHODS: Dp-ucMGP levels of 128 individuals were measured for the post-MONICA study and were compared to SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing results. RESULTS: Dp-ucMGP levels prior to COVID-19 infection were not significantly different comparing PCR-negative, PCR-positive and not hospitalized, and PCR-positive and hospitalized patients.

CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrate normal vitamin K status prior to infection in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, supporting the theory of increased utilisation during disease.

Keywords

• Humans
• Vitamin K
• Health Expenditures
• Extracellular Matrix Proteins
• Calcium-Binding Proteins
• COVID-19
• SARS-CoV-2
• Vitamin K Deficiency/complications
• Biomarkers
• COVID-19
• Dp-ucMGP
• Elastic fibers
• Matrix Gla Protein
• Vitamin K