Abstract
In this article, I will focus on the analysis of the fascist ideology that Georges Bataille came up with, which, in addition to its historical value, also represents a unique perspective of social reality as such. Through two key texts, La Notion de dépense and La structure psychologique du fascism, I will try to present the methodological premises, which are also crucial in the context of Bataille's work.
Bataille thus detects the "elements" of social reality, which he divides into two quite distinct "kinds". The one, homogeneous, are those elements that are characterized by their utility and the system that emerges from them.
By their very nature, however, these approaches neglect the heterogeneous elements. Whereas homogeneity is characterized by all kinds of action directed towards some outcome and with knowledge of that outcome (at least in part), heterogeneity cancels out all "direction" of that action.
Hence, Bataille finds heterogeneous elements in the manifestations associated with affectivity, violence and the uncontrollability of these actions, i.e. those that psychoanalysis, for example, has described as unconscious (heterogeneity is much broader than unconsciousness). What is significant, however, is that it is the heterogeneous elements that are necessarily present in any human community, and what is more, stand as its "bonding" element.
It is not the rationality and calculation of possible outcomes, but the presence of affect that binds individuals together. And it is through this perspective that Bataille also attempts to describe the emerging success of fascism, which will be my primary focus in this article.