Estimation of alcohol demand elasticity: Consumption of wine, beer, and spirits at home and away from home
Abstrakt
Most of the previous research examined the demand for alcohol consumed at the off-trade (consumed at home). However, some consumers might prefer to consume alcohol on-trade (away from home) or switch between on-trade and off-trade consumption as a reaction to price or income change.
We estimate the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System consisting of three broad alcohol categories, consumed on-trade and off-trade, to derive own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities. Selectivity due to the high censoring is treated, and special attention is paid to quality-adjusted price.
Beer consumption is the most responsive to income as well as own price changes, while spirits are the least responsive. The own-price elasticity of wine is -0.66 and -1.00 at on-trade and off-trade, respectively.
Beer is more price responsive, spirits are less price responsive, and consumption reacts weaker in the off-trade market. Own-price elasticities of demand range between -1.20 and -0.41 at the off-trade and between -1.51 and -0.63 at the on-trade alcohol market.
Increasing the price of wine in one market decreases wine consumption in another one. Between the two markets, wine and spirits are complementary, and wine and beer are substitutes in both markets.