Abstract
Routes of vaccine administration are currently undergoing rapid development. Classic intramuscular or subcutaneous vaccinations are no longer the only ones.
Recently, in particular permucosal and transdermal, inhalation and oral forms of administraion have been tested. These enable a significantly safer administration route, which in many cases does not require administration by a trained person or strict adherence to the cold chain.
In developing countries with tropical temperatures, the use of vaccines applied in the form of a transdermal patch is significantly easier, and the possible storage at room temperature leads to huge savings in their administration. The new routes are a promise for the rationalization of vaccination in the future, but also a positive argument in the recently intensified fight with anti-vax groups.
The new administration forms also do not need such high antigen contents as vaccines that are administered intramuscularly and, if necessary, allow significantly speeding up production.