Abstract
The field of immunology has undergone a very significant development in recent decades, which has been reflected especially in the beginning of this millennium in significant advances in the understanding of the immune system and in the application of this knowledge in practice. The progress and acceleration of research and advances in the field of immunology was further prompt by the unexpected onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
The intense scientific work has not only led to the development of our understanding of the immune response to viruses, but also to the rapid conversion of this knowledge into practical pandemic management on a global scale, as exemplified by the development of vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 virus. The pandemic era has further contributed to the acceleration of the application of not only biological discoveries but also technological approaches into practical applications, such as use of advanced mathematics, computer science and, more recently, artificial intelligence which are all are adding to the advances that are significantly moving the field of immunology forward.
In this communication, we present specific advances in particular areas of immunopathology, which are mainly allergy, immunodeficiency, immunity and infection, vaccination, autoimmune diseases and cancer immunology.