Abstract
This systematic review aims to report currently available familiarities in developed countries regarding the employment of social media and the internet to effectively persuade laypeople about the safety of vaccines. Given it possession of multiple anti-vaccination platforms and campaigns, social media platforms and the internet may in fact pose as a greater source discouragement for a layperson. On the other hand, they can also serve as a new opportunity for health professionals and lay vaccination supporters alike to respond in an accessible form to laypeople vaccine hesitation as well as react to misinformation given to the public in a timely matter. The following study consists of three parts.
The first part describes the hindrances that prevent health professionals from promoting vaccination on social media. The underlying problem is that vaccine opponents have gained a time advantage. Early on, they began using social media as an effective platform to spread misinformation and fear of vaccination. Health organizations however have fallen behind as they hesitated for a long time and now it seems difficult to catch up with new modes of communication (difficulties to keep up with technological innovations, lack of management support delayed by multi-stage approval processes, etc.).
The second part deals with the use of social media in vaccination promotion. Live conversations with laypeople on social media including direct answers to their questions prove to be the most effective way. To be able to persuade the public, different interventional approaches need to be combined. A one-size-fits-all approach cannot be considered as the most effective form. From a linguistic point of view, influences against vaccination are written more simply and comprehensibly than the inputs of health professionals. Which should certainly be considered by health workers in the future.
The third part focuses on the form of controversies between lay supporters and opponents of vaccination in social media. For example, Czech research has found that opposition of attitudes tends to take three forms: 1. opposition by "stigmatizing" opponents, 2. opposition by "majority? versus individual" dichotomy, 3. opposition by "reason versus irrationality" dichotomy.