Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyse the Russian/Soviet national policy primarily towards the Ukrainian nation since Ukrainian nationalism was developed from the second half of the 19th century and also in the present context of the Russian-Ukrainian war conflict and discussions in the paradigms of colonialism and post-colonialism, respectively imperialism and post-imperialism. The article explains how different national concepts implied on non-Russian nations, particularly on Ukrainians, contributed to their subordination (russification, imperial and colonial models, assimilation policies and partly concepts of supra-nationalism), or attempted at more moderate state policy (korenizatziya, principles of autonomous or federal settlement, and partly some concepts of supra-nationalism).
The complex reality of Russian/Soviet-Ukrainian relations in different periods of long development since the 1850s till present times is interpreted in the context of the most important works of Western, Ukrainian, Russian, and Czech historiography to this topic. In the end of this study we discuss rather small achievements of Czech historiography and challenges which the modern Czech historians and scholars faces.