Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men in the Czech Republic. Similarly, we can talk about rectal cancer, the incidence of which in the Czech Republic is at the forefront of international comparison, so it is not such a rarity when there is a simultaneous (synchronous) occurrence of both malignancies in one patient.
The problem of this topic remains mainly the absence of standardized procedures or guidelines of professional societies, stemming from the insufficient sample of the specific population, which would be the basis for clinical studies. The close anatomical relationship between the two structures carries a number of problems, but also potential opportunities that can be used in the treatment of synchronous tumors.
Treatment should be discussed in a multidisciplinary collaboration with oncologists, urologists and surgeons and always take into account the current configuration of both malignancies and the patient's condition and preferences.