Abstract
Neurotransplantation is one of the therapeutic methods for cerebellar diseases that are currently being intensively investigated. Despite years of research, there are still many questions to be answered.
Compared to transplantation of other tissues and organs, neurotransplantation has some specific challenges, and these are particularly demanding for the cerebellum. In this chapter, the goals of neurotransplantation, its mechanisms underlying graft effects, the types of grafts, as well as the problems of graft survival, differentiation and functional integration are discussed.
Different requirements and limitations of neurotransplantation therapy related to different types of pathologies are also discussed. Finally, overview of neurotransplantation research employing animal models of diseases during past decades is provided.