A search for pair-produced vector-like quarks using eventswith exactly one lepton (e or μ), at least four jets including at least one b-tagged jet, and large missing transverse momentum is presented. Data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of
SQUARE ROOT s =13TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC from 2015 to 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb-1, are analysed. Vector-like partners T and B of the top and bottom quarks are considered, as is a vector-like X with charge
+5/3, assuming their decay into a W, Z, or Higgs boson and a third-generation quark. No significant deviations from the Standard Model expectation are observed. Upper limits on the production cross-section of T and B quark pairs as a function of their mass are derived for various decay branching ratio scenarios. The strongest lower limits on the masses are 1.59TeV assuming mass-degenerate vector-like quarks and branching ratios corresponding to the weak-isospin doublet model, and 1.47TeV (1.46TeV) for exclusive T RIGHTWARDS ARROW Zt
(B/X RIGHTWARDS ARROW Wt) decays. In addition, lower limits on the T and
B quark masses are derived for all possible branching ratios.