The reaction of oxygen with the Sn/Pd(110) system has been examined by photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The Sn 4d core level is strongly affected by O2 adsorption while the Pd 3d core level shows very little change other than a decrease in intensity.
Analysis of the Sn 4d core levels indicates that oxidation proceeds with the formation of well-defined states of Sn, which were identified as a Pd-Sn-O interface layer, SnO and SnO2 oxides. The presence of a sub-surface PdSn intermetallic alloy facilitates the tin oxide formation which is accompanied by Pd-Sn bond dissociation