Abstract
We analyze nightside measurements of the DEMETER spacecraft related to lightning activity. At the 707 km altitude of DEMETER, we observe 3-D electric and magnetic field waveforms of fractional-hop whistlers.
At the same time, the corresponding atmospherics are recorded by a very low frequency (VLF) ground-based station located in Nançay (France). The source lightning strokes are identified by the METEORAGE lightning detection network.
We perform multidimensional analysis of the DEMETER measurements and obtain detailed information on wave polarization characteristics and propagation directions. This allows us for the first time to combine these measurements with ray-tracing simulation in order to directly characterize how the radiation penetrates upward through the ionosphere
