The paper discusses a hypothesis according to which the rise of oppida in Bohemia is to be connected with the reputed migration of Boii expelled by the Romans from Northern Italy. After first questioning the attendibility of the idea of migration, the settlement pattern in the Late Iron Age (4th-early 2nd cent.
B.C.) Emilia is discussed on the grounds of archaeological sources. Their state is considered insufficient to draw any clear conclusions from them about the grade to which the Cispadan Boii were urbanised: the discussion is driven mainly by written sources.
Finally, the hypothesis of Emilian origin of oppida was first formulated when no settlement evidence at all was available from the area.